- #Cobalt exposure symptoms serial
- #Cobalt exposure symptoms update
- #Cobalt exposure symptoms skin
- #Cobalt exposure symptoms series
Crutsen JRW, Koper MC, Jelsma J, et al: Prosthetic hip-associated cobalt toxicity: a systematic review of case series and case reports. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics. In: Rifai N, Horwath AR, Wittwer CT, eds. Roberts NB, Taylor A, Sodi R: Vitamins and trace elements. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. US Food and Drug Administration: Information about Soft Tissue Imaging and Metal Ion Testing.
#Cobalt exposure symptoms update
Lison D, De Boeck M, Verougstraete V, Kirsch-Volders M: Update on the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of cobalt compounds. De Smet K, De Hann R, Calistri A, et al: Metal ion measurement as a diagnostic tool to identify problems with metal-on-metal hip resurfacing. Keegan GM, Learmonth ID, Case CP: A systematic comparison of the actual, potential, and theoretical health effects of cobalt and chromium from industry and surgical implants. Tower SS: Arthroprosthetic cobaltism: neurological and cardiac manifestations in two patients with metal-on-metal arthroplasty: a case report. This list of products is incomplete, and these products change occasionally see prosthesis product information for each device for composition details.ġ. Prosthetic devices produced by DePuy Company, Dow Corning, Howmedica, LCS, PCA, Osteonics, Richards Company, Tricon, and Whiteside are typically made of chromium, cobalt, and molybdenum. Blood cobalt concentrations are likely to be increased above the reference range in patients with joint prosthesis containing cobalt.
#Cobalt exposure symptoms serial
Per US Food and Drug Administration recommendations, orthopedic surgeons should consider measuring and following serial cobalt concentrations in EDTA anticoagulated whole blood in symptomatic patients with metal-on-metal hip implants as part of their overall clinical evaluation.
#Cobalt exposure symptoms skin
Sustained exposures can cause skin sensitization, which may result in eruptions of contact dermatitis. Even though the primary route of occupational exposure to cobalt is the respiratory tract, skin contact is also important because dermal exposures to hard metal and cobalt salts can result in significant systemic uptake. Furthermore, inhalation of cobalt particles can cause respiratory sensitization, asthma, shortness of breath, and decreased pulmonary function.
Chronic exposure to cobalt-containing hard metal (dust or fume) can result in a serious lung disease called hard metal lung disease, which is a type of pneumoconiosis (lung fibrosis).
Acute symptoms include pulmonary edema, allergy, nausea, vomiting, hemorrhage, and kidney failure. However, more than a million workers are potentially exposed to cobalt and its compounds, with the greatest exposure in mining processes, cemented tungsten-carbide industry, cobalt powder industry, and alloy production industry.Ĭobalt is not highly toxic, but large doses will produce adverse clinical manifestations. For most people, food is the largest source of cobalt intake. One of the radioactive isotopes of cobalt, (60)Co, is used to sterilize medical equipment, in radiation therapy for cancer patients, and to irradiate food.Ĭobalt is an essential cofactor in vitamin B12, which is necessary for neurological function, brain function, and the formation of blood. Previously, cobalt salts were sometimes used as foam stabilizers in the brewing industry this practice was banned due to the cardiovascular diseases it induced. Cobalt salts are also used in the glass and pigment industry. It is used to produce alloys in the manufacturing of aircraft engines, cutting tools, and some artificial hip and knee joint prosthesis devices.
Cobalt (Co) is a naturally occurring, hard, grey element widely distributed in the environment.
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